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Levy CyLab

The research by our group focuses on addressing the following three key research areas and their interconnections: Cybersecurity Threat Mitigations, Social-Engineering, and User-Authentication.

Overview

Cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities are causing substantial financial losses for individuals, organizations, and government agencies all over the world. Such cybersecurity landscape can be classified under three major pillars: (a) technology/system, (b) human-computer, and (c) socio-political-organizational (See Figure 1). One of the weakest links in the cybersecurity chain has to do with the individuals who are using and protecting such systems. The focus of our Levy CyLab research group is to work on diverse projects related to the human-centric lens (also known as "Human Factor in Cybersecurity") of all three cybersecurity landscape pillars. In the technology/systems pillar, user-authentication has long been a challenge due to the overuse of passwords and ease at which they can be guessed or cracked along with increase password entropy that impact employee productivity. In the human-computer pillar, employees’ mistakes, falling to social engineering and phishing attacks due to low cybersecurity awareness, knowledge, competencies, skills, and what is known by the 2002 Nobel Prize Laureate, Princeton University's Professor Daniel Kahneman as “System 1” thinking (or what we call “oh shoot syndrome”) represent the majority of cybersecurity threats to organizations. Moreover, non-IT employees have low awareness of the magnitude of cybersecurity threats and their impact on organizations, government, and society. On the other hand, increasing complexity for computer systems due to demands for heightened security can cause frustration, resistance, and lower productivity. In the socio-political-organizational pillar, identity theft, social engineering, phishing, and insider threats are on the rise, which pose eminent threats to the reputation as well as financial stability of individuals, organizations, governments, and societies. Our research focuses on all three cybersecurity pillars by: (a) development of novel approaches to improve user-authentication including their role in reducing organizational cyber risk; (b) development of innovative tools to measure cybersecurity skills and reduction of human errors related to cybersecurity; as well as (c) development of state-of-the-art tools to identify insider-threats, programs to help mitigation of social engineering, phishing attacks, and other cyber threats, along with the protection of privacy and corporate intellectual property, threat mitigation and cybersecurity risk management analysis. Over the last 15 years, the Levy CyLab research group has published over 48 papers in refereed publications, one patent application, four grants awarded (one internal $10K grant awarded by NSU's Presidents' Research, two external DoD/NSA $128K awarded for 2019-2020 academic year, $133K awarded for 2020-2021 academic year, & $200K awarded for 2020-2021 Capacity Building project "Cyber Staff Training And Range (CyberSTAR) at NSU" by DoD), six external gifts ($10K total), and 28 doctoral students have completed their dissertation research in these areas.

Current Research 

Our current work continues to focus on the human-centric lens (human factor) of all three cybersecurity pillars with increased emphasis on the development of state-of-the-art tools and prototype applications to assist in the measurement of cybersecurity skills, human errors, identify insider-threats, cybersecurity hygiene, along with experimental studies to assist organizations with: Business E-mail Compromise (BEC), social engineering and phishing, cyber threat mitigation, improve business continuity plans, resilience, and general cybersecurity risk management.

- Cybersecurity Threat Mitigations:

• Assessment of cybersecurity skills, competencies, and awareness among employees/individuals
• Detecting Identity theft and privacy threat vectors
  
• Cyber risk management
  
• Increasing collaboration with Federal Law Enforcement agencies on cyber incidents 

- Social Engineering:

• Social engineering (phishing & vishing) threat mitigation and prevention
• Cybersecurity hygiene
• Detection and prevention of Business E-mail Compromise (BEC) 
  
• Security, Education, Training, and Awareness (SETA) programs
  
• Organizational and employee resilience to social engineering

- User Authentication:

• User authentication (Via Web/mobile or physical at work/home) 
• Resistance to biometric and multi-factor authentication 
• Reduced employee productivity due to increased user authentication measures

For contributions to our efforts, please: 
Visit the Nova Southeastern University Gift and Donations page
1. Under "Gift Area" - select "College of Computing and Engineering"
2. Under "Gift Donation" - select "Other"
3. Please specify by typing - "For Levy CyLab"

Thank you for the generous contribution!

Principal Investigator (PI)

Yair Levy, Ph.D., Professor of IS and Cybersecurity College of Computing and Engineering https://sites.nova.edu/levyy  levyy AT nova.edu

Current Ph.D. Students and Projects:

	Brian Bisceglia, Ph.D. Student  Dissertation title: "An Empirical Assessment of Social Engineering Methods, Cyber Hygiene Awareness, and Cybersecurity Skills Training on Senior Citizens' Phishing Susceptibility" bb1704 AT mynsu.nova.edu
	John Del Vecchio, Ph.D. Student  Dissertation title: "Development of Cybersecurity Footprint Index for Manufacturing Companies to Assess Organizational Cyber Posture" jd2940 AT mynsu.nova.edu
	Munther Ghazawneh, Ph.D. Student  Dissertation title: "Assessing Organizational Investments in Cybersecurity and Financial Performance Before and After Data Breach Incidents of Cloud SaaS Platforms" mg1269 AT mynsu.nova.edu
	Ariel Luna, Ph.D. Student  Dissertation title: "Empirical Assessment of Remote Workers’ Cyberslacking and Computer Security Posture to Assess Organizational Cybersecurity Risks" al1572 AT mynsu.nova.edu
	Juan Madrid, Ph.D. Student  Dissertation title: "Development of the Password Alleviating Abstraction, Remembering and Strength (PALAbRas) Method" jm2249 AT mynsu.nova.edu
	Michael Rooney, Ph.D. Student  Dissertation title: "An Empirical Assessment of the Use of Password Workarounds and the Cybersecurity Risk of Data Breaches" mr2640 AT mynsu.nova.edu
	Jackie (Chris) Scott, Ph.D. Student  Dissertation title: "Comparing Social Engineering Prevention Methods and Their Role on Successful Malicious Emails in Corporations" js5065 AT mynsu.nova.edu

Past Interns/Undergraduate Students and Projects:

	Emily Africk, Undergraduate Intern  Project title: "An examination of historic data breach incidents: What cybersecurity big data visualization and analytics can tell us?" eafrick AT umich.edu

Alumni and Past Projects

	Amy Antonucci, Ph.D. - Western Governors University Dissertation title (2021): "Pause for a Cybersecurity Cause: Assessing the Influence of a Waiting Period on User Habituation in Mitigation of Phishing Attacks"
	Shahar (Sean) Aviv, Ph.D. - ExcelNet.com  Dissertation title (2019): "An Examination of User Detection of Business Email Compromise Amongst Corporate Professionals"
	Patricia Baker, Ph.D. -  Dissertation title: "A Universal Cybersecurity Competency Framework for Organizational Users"
	Robert R. Batie, Ph.D. - Modern Technology Solutions, Inc. (MTSI) Dissertation title (2016): "Assessing the Effectiveness of a Fingerprint Biometric and a Biometric Personal Identification Number (BIO-PIN) as a Multi-Factor Authentication Mechanism"
	Shauna Beaudin, Ph.D. - Southern New Hampshire University Dissertation title (2017): "An empirical study of authentication methods to secure e-learning system activities against impersonation fraud"
	Carlene Blackwood-Brown, Ph.D. - Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology & Sheridan College Dissertation title (2018): "An empirical assessment of senior citizens’ cybersecurity awareness, motivation to pursue training, and perceived risk of identity theft"
	Sandra J. Blanke, Ph.D. - University of Dallas Dissertation title (2008): "A study of the contributions of attitude, computer security policy awareness, and computer self-efficacy to the employees' computer abuse intention in business environments"
	Shonda D. Brown, Ph.D. - CIGNA Healthcare and Middle State Georgia University Dissertation title (2015): "An information privacy examination of the practices of pharmaceutical companies regarding use of information collected through their Websites"
	Melissa Carlton, Ph.D. - Huston Baptist University Dissertation title (2016): "Development of a cybersecurity skills index: A scenarios-based, hands-on measure of non-IT professionals’ cybersecurity skills"
	MinSuk Choi, Ph.D. Dissertation title (2013): "Assessing the role of user computer self-efficacy, cybersecurity countermeasures awareness, and cybersecurity skills toward computer misuse intention at government agencies"
	Karla Clarke, Ph.D. - KPMG Cybersecurity Consulting - Middle Georgia State University  Dissertation title (2018): "Novel alert visualization: The development of a visual analytics prototype for mitigation of malicious insiders cyber threat"
	Marlon Clarke, Ph.D. - Director of IT Security - MagicLeap Dissertation title (2010): "The role of self-efficacy in computer security behavior: Developing the construct of computer security self-efficacy (CSSE)"
	Molly Cooper, Ph.D. - Assistant Professor - Ferris State University  Dissertation title (2021): "Assessment of Audio and Visual Warnings to Mitigate Risk of Phishing Attacks"
	Javier Coto, Ph.D. (Posthumous Degree, RIP) - Miami-Dade College Dissertation title (2022): "An Empirical Investigation of Static and Polymorphic Tactile Stimuli’s Effect on Habituation to Mitigate Malware Attack Vector"
	Gabriel Cornejo, Ph.D. - DoD  Dissertation title (2021): "Human Errors in Data Breaches: An Exploratory Configurational Analysis"
	Theon Danet, Ph.D. - SRA International Dissertation title (2006): "A study of the impact of users' involvement, resistance, and computer self-efficacy on the success of a centralized identification system implementation"
	Keiona Davis, Ph.D.  Dissertation title (2020): "The Role of Cybersecurity Responsibility in Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) on Risk of Point-of-Sale (POS) Data Breach"
	Darrell Eilts, Ph.D. - Hancock Whitney and Loyola University New Orleans Dissertation title (2020): "An Empirical Assessment of Cybersecurity Readiness and Resilience in Small Businesses"
	Abbe E. Forman, Ph.D. - ECPI University Dissertation title (2009): "An exploratory study on the factors associated with ethical intention of digital piracy"
	Jodi Goode, Ph.D. - Howard Payne University - CIO Dissertation title (2018): "Comparing training methodologies on employee’s cybersecurity awareness and skills in traditional and socio-technical programs"
	Robert J. Hambly, Ph.D. - Defense Media Activity (DMA) Dissertation title (2016): "An empirical investigation of the willingness of US intelligence community analysts to contribute knowledge to a Knowledge Management System (KMS) in a highly classified and sensitive environment"
	Wilnelia Hernandez, Ph.D. - Independent Consultant, Puerto Rico Dissertation title (2016): "An empirical assessment of employees cyberslacking in the public sector"
	Angel Hueca, Ph.D. - CERT US and Northeastern University Dissertation title (2018): "Development and validation of a proof-of-concept for malicious cybersecurity insider threats alerting system utilizing analytics-based visualization in real-time"
	Kenrie Hylton, Ph.D. - Northern Caribbean University Dissertation title (2012): "An experiment using Webcam-based surveillance to deter information systems misuse"
	Okay Igbonagwam, Ph.D. - Saint Leo University and Lockheed Martin Dissertation title (2008): "The contribution of security clearance, users’ involvement, and computer self-efficacy in the efficiency of requirements-gathering process: An information-systems case study in the U.S. military"
	Emmanuel Jigo, Ph.D. Dissertation title (2020): "Development of Criteria for Mobile Device Cybersecurity Threat Classification and Communication Standard using Labels, Pictogram, as well as Safety Data Sheets"
	Gerald D. Johnson, Ph.D.  Dissertation title (2012): "Development of an audit classification index (ACI) for federal e-learning systems security vulnerabilities"
	Joseph Marnell, Ph.D. - Wayland Baptist University Dissertation title (2016): "An empirical investigation of factors effecting resistance to use multi-factor authentication systems in public-access environments"
	Herb J. Mattord, Ph.D. - Kennesaw State University Dissertation title (2012): "Assessment of Web-based authentication methods in the U.S.: Comparing e-learning systems to Internet healthcare information systems"
	Stephen Mujeye, Ph.D. - Illinois State University Dissertation title (2016): "An experimental study on the role of password strength and cognitive load on employee productivity"
	Richard Nilsen, Ph.D. - DoD and Middle Georgia State University  Dissertation title (2017): "Measuring cybersecurity competency: An exploratory investigation of the cybersecurity knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for organizational network access privileges"
	Guillermo (Will) Perez, Ph.D. - Royal Caribbean Cruises  Dissertation title (2019): "Cyber situational awareness and cyber curiosity taxonomy for understanding susceptibility of social engineering attacks in the maritime industry"
	Tommy Pollock, Ph.D. - Tidewater Community College Dissertation title (2022): "Experimental Study to Assess the Role of Environment and Device Type on the Success of Social Engineering Attacks: The Case of Judgment Errors"
	Garrett Smiley, Ph.D. - Serco and Northcentral University Dissertation title (2013): "Investigating the role of multibiometric authentication on professional certification e-examination"
	Joshua D. Stalker, Ph.D. - ASRC Federal  Dissertation title (2012): "A reading preference and risk taxonomy for printed proprietary information compromise in the aerospace and defense industry"
	Raymond Wells, Ph.D. - The College of The Bahamas and Bahamas National Insurance Board Dissertation title (2012): "An empirical assessment of factors contributing to individuals’ propensity to commit software piracy in The Bahamas"
	William Shawn Wilkerson, Ph.D.   Dissertation title (2021): "Development of a Social Engineering Exposure Index using Open Source Personal Information"

Updated: September 14, 2022